(Reuters) — The Bank of England will crackdown from next year on banks and insurers that do not hold enough capital to cover risks from climate change, while also considering bespoke safety buffers.

Climate-related financial risks are partially captured by existing frameworks, but there are gaps, the BoE said Thursday in a report that marks a shift in its thinking.

The central bank already has powers to force lenders and insurers to top up their general capital buffers if climate risks are not sufficiently covered, and it will study whether bespoke company and sector-wide climate buffers are also needed.

“This work will help determine whether changes to the design, use or calibration of the regulatory capital framework may also be needed to ensure resilience against these risks,” the BoE said in a statement.

It said it would give an update in 2022 after more research and a climate change and capital requirement conference.

Climate risks to insurers come from a reduction in the value of assets such as property due to weather events like floods.

Banks, meanwhile, could be affected by sudden falls in the value of assets like stocks and bonds they hold as the economy transitions to net-zero emissions.

Climate activists want regulators to go a step further and use capital requirements to penalize banks that finance fossil fuels, but the BoE says its remit is limited to ensuring banks and insurers stay stable in the face of climate change.

The BoE said in 2019 that banks and insurers should set out by the end of 2021 how they manage risks from climate change and disclose them.

The central bank said Thursday that the companies it regulates have made "tangible progress" in meeting these expectations, but some are materially more advanced than others.

It also signaled a shift in gears next year in how it supervises and enforces these requirements.

"We will consider the use of our full supervisory and regulatory toolkit to provide the necessary assurance or remediation where appropriate,” it said.