While large shipping losses have declined 38% over the past decade, a report by Allianz Global Corporate & Specialty S.E. released on Wednesday warned that the industry faces such threats as cyber attacks, climate risks and human error.

The report, Safety & Shipping Review 2018, which described shipping as “the lifeblood of the global economy,” said increasingly larger container ships pose fire containment and salvage issues, while climate change is creating new route risks, particularly in the Arctic and North Atlantic.

In addition, the report said, shippers are balancing the benefits and risks of increasing automation on board, and noted that the NotPetya cyber attack caused cargo delays and congestion at nearly 80 ports, underscoring the growth of cyber risk.

Major attacks like NotPetya, which caused about $3 billion in economic losses, have created a renewed urgency in tackling the threats posed to vessels and the supply chain, the report said, as well as increasing interest in cyber business interruption insurance.

Fifty-three cargo ships were lost during 2017, Allianz said, accounting for over half of all vessels lost last year, with activity up annually by 56%, driven by a rise in foundering or sinking incidents.

Fishing and passenger vessel losses are down year-on-year. Losses involving bulk carriers and tankers increased, with bulk carriers accounting for five of the 10 largest reported total losses by gross tonnage, the report said.

Friday is the most dangerous day at sea, Allianz said, as 175 of 1,129 total losses reported have occurred on this day over the past decade. Friday the 13th really can be unlucky – three ships were lost on this day in 2012 including the Costa Concordia, the largest-ever marine insurance loss. Saturday was the safest day at sea, the report said.

The report said that 75% of shipping insurance losses, equivalent to $1.6 billion, are caused by human error. Fatal accidents such as the “Sanchi” oil tanker collision in January 2018 and the loss of the “El Faro” in Hurricane Joaquin in late 2015 persist, the report said.

“Despite huge improvements in maritime safety, fatal accidents at sea persist,” the report said. “Human error continues to be a major driver of incidents and captains and crews are under increasing commercial pressure as supply chains are streamlined.”

Autonomous shipping could improve maritime safety, but the report said it will not remove human error entirely, the report said, as “it will still be present in the algorithms that drive the decision-making of vessels, while manned onshore bases will continue to control and monitor.”

Automation also raises questions about who is at fault in an accident, the report said: the manufacturer, software provider or the onshore bases.

“New kinds of losses, such as cyber or product liability, could replace traditional claims,” the report said. “Technical management and maintenance of ships will also need to be rethought.”

Nearly one-third of shipping losses in 2017 occurred in the South China, Indochina, Indonesia and Philippines maritime region, up 25% annually and driven by activity in Vietnamese waters. This area has been the major global loss hotspot for the past decade, leading it to be labeled the “new Bermuda Triangle.”

The major loss factors are actually weather, the report said, noting that in November 2017, Typhoon Damrey caused six losses, busy seas and lower safety standards on some domestic routes.